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Лицензиялоо

I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.htmlGFDLGNU Free Documentation Licensetruetrue

	This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
	Сиз буларга эркинсиз: бөлүшүү – чыгарманы көчүрүү, жайылтуу жана өткөрүп берүү ремикс кылуу – чыгарманы ылайыкташтыруу Төмөнкү шарттарда: атрибуция – Сиз тийиштүү насыя берип, лицензияга шилтеме калтырып жана өзгөртүүлөр болсо көрсөтүшүңүз керек. Сиз муну кандайдыр бир акылга сыярлык жол менен жасай аласыз, бирок лицензиар сизди же сиздин колдонууңузду жактырган кандайдыр бир жол менен эмес. Бирдей шарттар боюнча бөлүшүү – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
	This licensing tag was added to this file as part of the GFDL licensing update.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/CC BY-SA 3.0Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0truetrue

Сиз тандаган лицензияны тандай аласыз.

Map information

This map indicates trading routes used around the 1st century CE centred on the Silk Road. The routes remain largely valid for the period 520 BCE to 500 CE.

Geographical labels for regions are adapted from the Geography of Ptolemy (c. 150 CE), some trading centre names date from later (c. 400 CE). Relying on Ptolemy's names is wrong but neutral.

The following contemporary trading centres (or possible trading centres) are not marked:

Red Sea - Myos Hormos, Berenica, Ptolemais Theron, Adulis, Muza, Ocalis, Aualites, Malao.

Arabia - [South] Saue, Sana, Saphar, Eudaemon Arabia, Cane, Mosyllon, Moscha

Persian Gulf - Asabon, Charax, Gerra, Ommana, Apologos

Persia - Persepolis, Alexandria Areion, Kandahar

Africa - [East Africa/Kush/Axum] Coloe, Axum, Akhmim, Panopolis, Aromaton Emporion, Opone, Sarapion, Dongola. [Mediterranean] Cyrene, Leptis Magna, Carthage, Caesarea, [Beyond map] [East Africa] Juba, Maji, Sennar, [Trans-Saharan] Sijilmassa, Tamanrasset, Murzuk, Tingis.

Europe - Gades (Cadiz), Augusta Treverorum (Trier), Aquileia, Ostia, Athens

India - [Arabian Sea] Horaia, Barbaricum, Barake, Astakapra, Suppara, Kalliena, Semylla, Mandagora, Palaepatmae, Melizeigara, Erannoboas, Byzantion, Naura, Tymdis, [Central] Paethana, Tagara, [South] Muziris, Nelcynda, Bacare, Balita, Colchi, Palaesimundu, [East] Argaru, Poduca, Sopatma.

Silk Road - Ecbatana, Yarkand, Jiaohei, Kitai, Kaifeng. (Note - both summer and winter routes around the Takla Makan are shown)

China - Chengdu, Kunming, Cattgara

South East Asia - Trang, Thaton

The routes between most of these unindicated sites are not marked, notably the extensive European/Roman routes and the other routes in Persia beyond the Silk Road. Another route not indicated is the Scythian route running from China to the Black Sea. The large number not marked on India are the minor sites listed in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

Origins of trade goods

China - silk, clothing, lacquerware, spices

Indo-China - spices, ivory, timber, pearls

Northern India - precious stones, ivory, tortoiseshell, incense, spices, cloth, timber

Southern India - ivory, tortoiseshell, spices, precious stones, cloth, timber

Arabia - spices, slaves, precious stones

East Africa - gold, ivory, exotic animals, slaves, incense

Trans-Sahara - ivory, gold, slaves

North Africa - grain,

Southern Europe - olive oil, wine, glassware, coinage

Western Europe - silver, tin

Northern Europe - slaves, amber,

Asia Minor - silver, precious stones, timber, wine

Image editing

The source for this PNG was an SVG. This file is available.

from en wp

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