«Испан империясы» барагынын кодун көрүү

'''Испан империясы''' ({{Lang-es|Imperio Español}}; {{Lang-la|Imperium Hispanicum}}) тарыхта '''Испан Монархиясы''' ({{Lang-es|Monarquía Hispánica}}) жана '''Католик Монархиясы''' ({{Lang-es|Monarquía Católica}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=España y los españoles en los tiempos modernos|last=Fernández Álvarez|first=Manuel|publisher=[[University of Salamanca]]|year=1979|page=128|language=Spanish}}</ref>) катары таанылып тарыхтагы эң ири империялардын бири болгон. 15-кылымдын аягынан 19-кылымдын башына чейин Испания Жаңы Дүйнөнүн чет-жакасындагы эбегейсиз аймакты, "Индия" деп атап алган ({{Lang-es|Las Indias}}). [[Америка]], [[Филиппин|Филиппиндин]] [[Азия]] архипелагын жана [[Европа]], [[Африка]] жана [[Океания|Океаниядагы]] аймактарын контролдогон. Ал эми 16-жана 17-кылымдарда көпчүлүк күчтүү империялардын бири болгон.  <ref>https://www.history.org/foundation/journal/spring13/spanish.cfm</ref> Испания империясы "күн батпай турган империя " деп аталып, 18-кылымда эң жогорку деңгээлге жеткен.   <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=2S-dDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT13&lpg=PT13&dq=fray+francisco+de+ugalde+imperio#v=onepage&q=fray%20francisco%20de%20ugalde%20imperio&f=false|title=Seablindness: How Political Neglect Is Choking American Seapower and What to Do About It|last=Cropsey|first=Seth|date=2017-08-29|publisher=Encounter Books|isbn=9781594039164|language=en}}</ref>
{{Тарыхый мамлекет
| аталыш = Испан Империясы
| расмий аталыш = ({{lang-es|Imperio Español}})
| мартаба = [[империя]]
| гимн = ''[[Испаниянын гимни|«Marcha Real»]]''
| желек = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg
| герб = Full Ornamented Royal Coat of Arms of Spain (1761-1868 and 1874-1931).svg 
| карта = Location of the Spanish Empire.png
| өлчөм =
| түшүндүрмө =
| негизделген = 1492
| жоюлган = 1976
| ураан = '''«Plus Ultra»''' 
| борбор = [[Мадрид]] (1561—1601) <br> [[Вальядолид]] (1601—1606) <br > [[Мадрид]] (1606—1898)
| шаарлар = 
| тил = [[Испан тили]]
| акча бирдиги = [[реал]], [[песета]]
| аянт = 20 000 000 км² (1790 жыл)
| калк = 60 млн (1790 жылга карата [[Жер|Жердин]] 6% калкы)
| башкаруу формасы = өздүк уния ([[Габсбургтар]]) <br> [[монархия|абсолюттук монархия]] ([[Бурбондор]], [[Савойлор]]) <br> [[президенттик республика]] 1873—1874 <br> [[республика|президенттик парламенттик республика]] (1931—1939)
| сулале = [[Габсбургдар]], [[Бурбондор]], [[Савойлор]]
| башкаруучулардын_даражасы = ''Король''
| ажо = 
| башкарган_жылы = 
| ажо = 
| башкарган_жылы = 
| дин =[[Католицизм]]
| чейин = 
| кийин = 
}}

[[Категория:Испания]]
[[Категория:Тарых]]

== Шилтемелер ==

=== Кошумча маалыматтар ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Библиография ===
{{Div col}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5FhCnQEACAAJ|title=Philippine History: Political, Social, Economic|last=Alip|first=Eufronio Melo|year=1964|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title=The Early History of Greater Mexico|last=Altman|first=Ida|last2=Cline|first2=Sarah|last3=Javier Pescador|first3=Juan|date=2003|publisher=Pearson|location=Upper Saddle River, NJ|pages=321–322|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/worldhistoryofwa00arch|title=World History of Warfare|last=Archer|first=Christon|publisher=University of Nebraska|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8032-4423-8|location=Lincoln, NE|ref=harv|display-authors=etal}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kRhygUNmg4UC|title=Don Diego Colón, almirante, virrey y gobernador de las Indias|last=Arranz Márquez|first=Luis|publisher=CSIC|year=1982|isbn=978-84-00-05156-3|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Rough guide to Southeast Asia|last=Atiyah|first=Jeremy|date=2002|publisher=Rough Guide|isbn=978-1858288932|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=837Hw5QgdWgC|title=La América española y la América portuguesa: siglos XVI-XVIII|last=Bennassar|first=Bartolomé|publisher=Akal|year=2001|isbn=978-84-7600-203-2|language=Spanish|ref=harv|author-link=Bartolomé Bennassar}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y7B9euuLEkUC&lpg=PA120&dq=&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q=&f=true|title=Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference|last=Burbank|first=Jane|last2=Cooper|first2=Frederick|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-691-12708-8|pages=120–121|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title=The First America: Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492-1866|last=Brading|first=D.A.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993|isbn=978-0521447966|location=Cambridge|ref=harv|author-link=David Brading}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/minersmerchantsi0000brad|title=Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763-1810|last=Brading|first=D.A.|date=1971|publisher=Cambridge University|isbn=978-0521102070|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=David Brading|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|title=Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th century|last=Braudel|first=Fernand|date=1984|publisher=Collins|volume=3 volumes|location=London|ref=harv|orig-year=1979}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/palaceforkingbue0000brow|title=A Palace for a King. The Buen Retiro and the Court of Philip IV|last=Brown|first=Jonathan|last2=Elliott|first2=John Huxtable|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1980|isbn=978-0-300-02507-1|location=New Haven|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
*{{Cite book|title=The King's Coffer: Proprietors of the Spanish Florida Treasury 1565–1702|last=Bushnell|first=Amy|publisher=University Presses of Florida|year=1981|isbn=978-0-8130-0690-1|location=Gainesville, Florida|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Bq2DZpHvPkkC#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=Historia general de América Latina|last=Carrera Damas|first=Germán|publisher=UNESCO|year=1999|isbn=978-92-3-303151-7|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nbp7AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT55&lpg=PT55&dq=factor+overseer+accountant+treasurer+spanish#v=onepage&q=factor%20overseer%20accountant%20treasurer%20spanish&f=false|title=Moctezuma's Children: Aztec Royalty under Spanish Rule, 1520–1700|last=Chipman|first=Donald E.|publisher=University of Texas Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-292-78264-8|edition=Individual e-book (no page numbers)|location=Austin, Texas|ref=harv|access-date=22 October 2013}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4ouNv6ZaRZQC|title=Las capitulaciones colombinas|last=Diego-Fernández Sotelo|first=Rafael|publisher=El Colegio de Michoacán A.C.|year=1987|isbn=978-968-7230-30-6|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Spain of the Catholic Monarchs, 1474–1520|last=Edwards|first=John|publisher=Blackwell|year=2000|isbn=978-0-631-16165-3|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/empiresofatlanti00john|title=Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492-1830|last=Elliott|first=J.H.|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2006|location=New Haven|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|title=Spain and Its World, 1500-1700|last=Elliott|first=J.H.|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1989|location=New Haven|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Count-Duke of Olivares: the statesman in an age of decline|last=Elliott|first=J.H.|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1986|isbn=9780300033908|location=New Haven|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/imperialspain1460000elli|title=Imperial Spain, 1469-1716|last=Elliott|first=J.H.|publisher=New American Library|year=1977|location=New York|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite journal}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lcv7a0tM7XgC|title=La utopía de América: teoría, leyes, experimentos|last=Fernández Herrero|first=Beatriz|publisher=Anthropos Editorial|year=1992|isbn=978-84-7658-320-3|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Borneo|last=Frankham|first=Steven|date=2008|publisher=Footprint|isbn=978-1906098148|series=Footprint Handbooks|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=smJvSuwZbn4C|title=El sello y registro de Indias: imagen y representación|last=Gómez Gómez|first=Margarita|publisher=Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar|year=2008|isbn=978-3-412-20229-3|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=1dPIXTZ3xJkC|title=Estudios sobre la historia colonial de hispanoamérica|last=Góngora|first=Mario|year=1998|isbn=978-956-11-1381-7|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The End of Iberian Rule on the American Continent, 1770-1830|last=Hamnett|first=Brian|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1316626634|location=Cambridge|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Spanish Empire in America|last=Haring|first=Clarence|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1947|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=Clarence Haring}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4DWBNjs8iwEC|title=Historia general de España y América|publisher=Ediciones Rialp|year=1992|isbn=978-84-321-2102-9|volume=10|language=Spanish|ref={{harvid|Historia general de España|1992}}}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/85282#page/12/mode/1up|title=Political essay on the kingdom of New Spain containing researches relative to the geography of Mexico|last=von Humboldt|first=Alexander|date=1 January 1811|publisher=Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown ... and H. Colburn ...|isbn=9780665185465|language=en|ref=harv|via=Biodiversity Library}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=NS1vAAAAMAAJ|title=Culture and history: occasional notes on the process of Philippine becoming|last=Joaquin|first=Nick|publisher=Solar|year=1988|isbn=978-971-17-0633-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/spain14691714soc00kame|title=Spain 1469–1714. A Society of Conflict|last=Kamen|first=Henry|date=2005|publisher=Pearson Longman|isbn=978-0-582-78464-2|edition=third|location=London|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/empirehowspainbe00kame|title=Empire: How Spain Became a World Power, 1492–1763|last=Kamen|first=Henry|publisher=HarperCollins|year=2003|isbn=978-0-06-093264-0|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=Henry Kamen|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofgreatp00paul|title=The rise and fall of the great powers: economic change and military conflict from 1500 to 2000|last=Kennedy|first=Paul M|date=2017|publisher=William Collins|isbn=9780006860525|location=London|ref=harv|orig-year=1988}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=uW5gQgAACAAJ|title=The Basque history of the world|last=Kurlansky|first=Mark|publisher=Walker|year=1999|isbn=978-0-8027-1349-0|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=dlY7Lg5p9A4C#v=onepage&q=&f=true|title=Los títulos históricos|last=Lagos Carmona|first=Guillermo|publisher=Editorial Andrés Bello|year=1985|language=Spanish|oclc=320082537|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/earlylatinameric00lock|title=Early Latin America|last=Lockhart|first=James|last2=Schwartz|first2=Stuart B.|date=1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-23344-6|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=James Lockhart (historian)|author-link2=Stuart B. Schwartz}}
* {{Cite book|title=Bourbon Spain, 1700-1808|last=Lynch|first=John|date=1989|isbn=978-0-631-19245-9|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Malay Muslims: The History and Challenge of Resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia|last=McAmis|first=Robert Day|date=2002|publisher=Eerdmans|isbn=978-0802849458|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Church and State in Latin America: A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical Relations|last=Mecham|first=J. Lloyd|publisher=University of North Carolina Press|year=1966|edition=revised|location=Chapel Hill|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/philipii00geof|title=Philip II|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Little, Brown|year=1978|isbn=978-0-316-69080-5|location=Boston|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=jlJPsVc8UvQC|title=La proyección europea de la monarquía hispánica|last=Ruiz Martín|first=Felipe|publisher=Editorial Complutense|year=1996|isbn=978-84-95983-30-5|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=A History of Brunei|last=Saunders|first=Graham|date=2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0700716982|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q61T1fs_K4wC&lpg=PA58&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=El cuarto viaje de Cristóbal Colón y los orígenes de la provincia de Costa Rica|last=Sibaja Chacón|first=Luis Fernando|publisher=EUNED|year=2006|isbn=978-9968-31-488-6|language=Spanish|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title=Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe|last=Stein|first=Stanley J.|last2=Stein|first2=Barbara H.|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|year=2000|location=Baltimore|ref=harv}}
*{{Cite book|title=El día que España derrotó a Inglaterra : de cómo Blas de Lezo, tuerto, manco y cojo, venció en Cartagena de Indias a la otra "Armada Invencible"|last=Victoria|first=Pablo|date=2005|publisher=Áltera|isbn=9788489779686|edition=1st|location=Barcelona|language=spanish|ref=harv}}
{{div col end|2}}

== Андан ары окуу ==
{{Div col}}
* {{Cite book|title=The History of Portugal|last=Anderson|first=James Maxwell|publisher=Greenwood|year=2000|isbn=978-0-313-31106-2|location=Westport, Connecticut|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Cambridge illustrated atlas of warfare: Renaissance to revolution|last=Black|first=Jeremy|publisher=Cambridge University|year=1996|isbn=978-0-521-47033-9|location=Cambridge|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640|last=Boyajian|first=James C.|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8018-8754-3|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/mediterraneanthe01brau|title=The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean World in the Age of Philip II|last=Braudel|first=Fernand|publisher=Berkeley, Calif. : University of California Press|year=1972|ref=harv}}
*  {{Cite book|title=Painting in Spain: 1500–1700|last=Brown|first=Jonathan|publisher=Yale University Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-300-06472-8|location=New Haven|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Golden Age of Spain, 1516–1659|last=Dominguez Ortiz|first=Antonio|publisher=Oxford University Press.|year=1971|isbn=978-0-297-00405-9|location=Oxford|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/oldworldnew1492100elli|title=The Old World and The New|last=Elliott|first=J.H.|publisher=Cambridge [Eng.] University Press|year=1970|location=Cambridge|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|title=Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759-1821|last=Farriss|first=N.M.|publisher=Athlone Press|year=1968|location=London|ref=harv|author-link=Nancy Farriss}}
* {{Cite book|title=Commercial Relations Between Spain and Spanish America in the Era of Free Trade, 1778-1796|last=Fisher|first=John|year=1985|location=Liverpool|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/spaininamerica0000gibs|title=Spain in America|last=Gibson|first=Charles|date=1966|publisher=Harper and Row|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=Charles Gibson (historian)|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/aztecsunderspani00gibs|title=The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule|last=Gibson|first=Charles|date=1964|publisher=Stanford University Press|location=Stanford|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/eighteenthcentur00rich|title=The Eighteenth-Century Revolution in Spain|last=Herr|first=Richard|date=1958|location=Princeton, N.J.|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite journal}}
*  {{Cite book|title=Spain, Europe and the Atlantic: Essays in Honour of John H. Elliott|last=Kagan|first=Richard L.|last2=Parker|first2=Geoffrey|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52511-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Philip of Spain|last=Kamen|first=Henry|date=1998|publisher=Yale University|isbn=978-0-300-07800-8|location=New Haven|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Asia in the Making of Europe|last=Lach|first=Donald F.|last2=Van Kley|first2=Edwin J.|publisher=University of Chicago|year=1994|isbn=978-0-226-46734-4|location=Chicago|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Spain Under the Hapsburgs|last=Lynch|first=John|date=1964|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Spanish American Revolutions, 1808-1826|last=Lynch|first=John|date=1983|location=New York|ref=harv}}
*  {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/spainsempireinne008|title=Spain's Empire in the New World: The Role of Ideas in Institutional and Social Change|last=MacLachlan|first=Colin M.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1988|location=Berkeley|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite journal}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=Spanish%20%20Merriman|title=The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and the New|last=Merriman|first=Roger Bigelow|year=1918|location=New York|ref=harv|author-link=Roger Bigelow Merriman}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.questia.com/library/3767770/historical-dictionary-of-the-spanish-empire-1402-1975|title=Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Empire, 1402–1975|last=Olson|first=James S.|year=1992|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Enlightenment, governance, and reform in Spain and its empire, 1759–1808|last=Paquette|first=Gabriel B|date=17 January 2008|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan 2008|isbn=978-0230300521|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Thirty Years' War|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Routledge|year=1997|isbn=978-0-415-12883-4|edition=2nd|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road, 1567–1659; the logistics of Spanish victory and defeat in the Low Countries' Wars|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1972|isbn=978-0-521-08462-8|location=Cambridge|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Dutch revolt|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1977|isbn=978-0-8014-1136-6|location=Cambridge|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The General Crisis of the Seventeenth Century|last=Parker|first=Geoffrey|publisher=Routledge|year=1997|isbn=978-0-415-16518-1|location=New York|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Spanish Seaborne Empire|last=Parry|first=J.H.|publisher=University of California Press|year=1966|isbn=978-0-520-07140-7|location=Berkeley|ref=harv|author-link=J.H. Parry}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/spainriseoffirst0000rams|title=Spain: The Rise of the First World Power|last=Ramsey|first=John Fraser|publisher=University of Alabama Press|year=1973|isbn=978-0-8173-5704-7|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite journal}}
* {{Cite book|title=Interpreting Spanish Colonialism: Empires, Nations, and Legends|date=2005|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|editor-last=Schmidt-Nowara|editor-first=Christopher|location=Albuquerque, NM|ref=harv|editor-last2=Nieto Phillips|editor-first2=John M.}}
*{{Cite book|title=Apogee of Empire: Spain and New Spain in the Age of Charles III, 1759-1789|last=Stein|first=Stanley J.|last2=Stein|first2=Barbara H.|publisher=Johns Hopkins University|year=2003|location=Baltimore|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Philip IV and the Government of Spain|last=Stradling|first=R. A.|date=1988|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-32333-8|location=Cambridge|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=A Nation upon the Ocean Sea: Portugal's Atlantic Diaspora and the Crisis of the Spanish Empire, 1492–1640|last=Studnicki-Gizbert|first=Daviken|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-803911-2|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire 1490–1522|last=Thomas|first=Hugh|date=2004|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|isbn=978-0-297-64563-4|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|title=The Slave Trade; The History of the Atlantic Slave Trade 1440–1870|last=Thomas|first=Hugh|date=1997|publisher=Papermac|isbn=978-0-333-73147-5|location=London|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bettycrockersnew00bett_2|title=An Economic History of Spain|last=Vicens Vives|first=Jaime|publisher=Princeton, N.J., Princeton University Press|year=1969|edition=3rd revised|location=Princeton|ref=harv|url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book|title=History of the World, Part II: The last five hundred years|date=1984|publisher=Hamlyn Publishing|isbn=978-0-517-43644-8|editor-last=Wright|editor-first=Esmond|edition=third|location=New York|ref=harv}}
{{div col end|2}}

== Тышкы шилтемелер ==

* [http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/spainport1.htm Iberian Resources Online китепканасы, Стэнли Г. Пейн ''Испания жана Португалиянын тарыхы,'' 1-том 13 Ch "" Испан Империясы "] 
* [https://archive.is/19961226232657/http://www.sonic.net/~doretk/ArchiveARCHIVE/NATIVE%20AMERICAN/TheMestizo-Mexicano-Indi.html АКШдагы Mestizo-Mexicano-Indian History] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061203063044/http://www.knmetv.org/programming/villadeabq.php3 Документалдуу фильм, ''Вилла де Альбукерке''] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026235404/http://es.geocities.com/coloniasesp/ Акыркы испан колониялары] (in Spanish) 
* Francisco José Calderón Vázquez (2008), Фронтерас, идентификацияланган, бири-бирине карама-каршы келген. Los Presidios Españoles en el Norte Africano (испан тилинде), ISBN <bdi> Francisco José Calderón Vázquez (2008),  </bdi> Francisco José Calderón Vázquez (2008), түпнускадан архивделген 2009-жылдын 14-февралында 
* Конгресстин китепканасында [http://international.loc.gov/intldl/drakehtml/rbdkhome.html Сэр Фрэнсис Дрейктин Kraus коллекциясында] испандык колониализм жөнүндө алгачкы материалдар камтылган.